Makkah Agreement sends a powerful message

Not long ago, a Gulf state signing a regional defense pact that does not involve the US would have been seen in Washington as diplomatic theater — a reluctant hedge, even a strategic miscalculation, but nothing more. That era is coming to an end. On Friday, Saudi Arabia, Turkiye and Pakistan signed the Makkah Joint Defense Agreement, pledging that an attack on one is an attack on all. It brings together the Arab world’s only G20 economy, NATO’s second-largest army and the Muslim world’s only nuclear state through a unique defensive pact.

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