Which European countries have the highest job insecurity?

It might sound paradoxical, but for many employees across Europe, temporary work is a constant condition.

Around one in 11 workers in the EU is in INE — short for involuntary non-standard employment. This is according to Eurofound, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.

Being in INE means people are stuck jumping from one part-time, fixed-term or gig-economy job to the next, because they can't find stable alternatives, like a permanent, full-time contract.

Eurofound says the real number of people in INE could be even higher than one in 11, with young workers particularly affected.

Europe appears to be split into three distinct groups when it comes to INE.