Ancient earthworks discovered using LiDAR technology reveal a large Aquiry civilization. These geometric structures suggest extensive human shaping of the Amazonian landscape. Researchers estimate tens of thousands of these sites may still be hidden. The Aquiry civilization likely supported millions of people at its peak. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about the Amazon's pre-Columbian inhabitants.

Using canopy-penetrating LiDAR data, the northern part of southwestern Amazonia appears to contain as many earthworks as previously estimated for the whole of Amazonia.

The Aquiry civilization comprised between 1.25 million and 3 million people around AD 100–300.