Europe’s inability to counter the threat from Russia under its own defense spending is due to inefficiencies in the organization of European defense, inefficiencies in procurement, poor coordination, and pooling of resources to meet the threats and gaps. But Ukraine has shown what can be achieved with the use of technology on a much lower defense spend - probably $100 billion annually in defense spend by Ukraine has succeeded in stopping Ukraine in its tracks. But it is what Ukraine and Turkey are doing in terms of how they are transforming their militaries and defense industries, with the use of technology, to max bang for buck, which Europe needs to follow. Doubling defense spending will likely just see spending going to the same primes, which have not shown a particular ability to stay ahead of the times and keep to budget in key defense procurement projects. JOIN US ON TELEGRAMFollow our coverage of the war on the @Kyivpost_official. And in an era of innovation, or iteration warfare, as being fought out in Ukraine, likely it will be new drone domain forces that lead the way in terms of fighting the wars of the future and crafting military industrial sectors to fit. In a world of uncertain geopolitics, likely higher global defense spending, and a bigger defense tech market to go with it, I would say a route to moving up the global value chain is in partnering with Ukraine in the defense tech space. Ukraine is at the leading front of drone warfare now - without a doubt, it is winning the battle of iteration against Russia but still needs cooperation with European partners to secure financing and scale. Winning against Russia in Ukraine is about maintaining the iteration edge and then moving to scale - we are seeing that in Deep Strike drone attacks on Russian energy infrastructure.