States may regulate navigation and recover the cost of specific services, but they may not impose a general transit toll in internationally significant waterways.

Iran and Oman are negotiating permanent Strait of Hormuz transit fees up to $2M per vessel, with Bitcoin and yuan accepted. Revenue could reach $8B annually.

Iran's new tiered Strait of Hormuz transit system prioritizes Russian and Chinese vessels, charges non-allies up to $2M, and accepts Bitcoin and crypto payments.