For instance, last year we reported on research that used microbial DNA analysis of human remains to identify the likely pathogens that killed many soldiers in Napoleon’s army in 1812. Two pathogens in particular stood out: Salmonella enterica, which causes paratyphoid fever, and Borrelia recurrentis, which is transmitted by body lice and causes relapsing fever. Both are consistent with written contemporary accounts.
Evolution of a virus
Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.10.5, fol. 62v, the Epistles of St Paul, Ireland/Northumbria, 700–800 CE.
Reproduced with kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Trinity College Cambridge
The team collected samples from medieval manuscripts housed in collections at Yale University, Cambridge University, Corpus Christi College, University College Dublin, the Lambeth Palace Library, and Trinity College, among others. Those works included pages from a 15th-century Speculum Historiale; the 15th-century Clairvaux manuscripts; several 9th-century gospel text fragments; the 9th-century Achadeus Psalter; the early 11th-century Trinity Gospels; the Lambeth Bible; and the 1,000-year-old York Gospels.
