With a summit in Bishkek, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is turning 25 at a moment of extraordinary tension that touches directly on many of the increasingly sprawling regional group's members.Iran is at war with the United States, Russia's war on Ukraine continues to rage with no sign of a let-up, China faces mounting US pressure over trade, and nuclear-armed foes India and Pakistan sit together despite deep rivalry, just to name a few.The four Central Asian members -- host country Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan -- are regional players but also the objects of various nations seeking to increase their sway, including China, Russia, India, and the United States, which is not a member of the SCO.In an interview with the People's Daily, the newspaper of the Central Committee of China's Communist Party, SCO Secretary-General Nurlan Yermekbaev of Kazakhstan touted the "Shanghai spirit," which he said involves mutual trust, respect, and benefit, among other qualities he asserted make the group appealing to the so-called Global South.But behind these "shared values" are deep differences, with members using the SCO platform to pursue their own, often competing agendas.Each member "has its own distinct position, and the major powers have views that differ from one another," Kyrgyz political analyst Emil Juraev said.China and India "have differing positions on many issues, and there are also areas of dispute between them," Juraev said. "Russia is trying to exert influence on the world and…continues its war without stopping it. In addition, there is Iran. Everyone is waiting to see what Iran will do."