When the tectonic plates of geopolitics shift, new alliances are formed. The Mecca Joint Defense Agreement is a case in point. Three majority-Sunni Muslim nations – the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey – ratified a defense pact on August 7 in Mecca.
The Iran war may have contributed to the new alliance, but its origins lie in the agreement between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan of September 2025 – before Israel and the United States began an outright war on Iran.
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Pakistan’s increased involvement in addressing regional issues is evident in its role as a mediator in the Iran war.
Saudi Arabia has long been one of the most important leaders in the Islamic world as well as the global economy, while Turkey has steadily increased its clout in the region.
