Healthy growth and development depend on tens of thousands of genes being switched on at the right time and in the right place. Specific regions of DNA help coordinate this process, guiding the production of enzymes, hormones, proteins, and other molecules that cells need to function properly. When gene activation goes wrong, cells can malfunction and contribute to diseases, including cancer.
To better understand the DNA sequences that control this process, researchers in the laboratory of University of California San Diego Professor James T. Kadonaga focused on an important DNA element known as the "initiator." The initiator marks the location where the information encoded in a gene begins to be converted, or expressed, into a functional product.
AI Decodes the Initiator Sequence
In the new study, led by graduate student researcher Torrey Rhyne-Carrigg, the team used high-throughput DNA sequencing to measure gene expression activity across approximately 500,000 different versions of the initiator.
The researchers then used those results to train a machine learning system, a form of artificial intelligence, to identify the characteristic DNA pattern associated with the initiator. Once the model had decoded that signature, the team searched human genes for the sequence and found that roughly 60% contain the initiator.
