A right-wing, security-first approach to migration has become mainstream. The mass influx of migrants into Ceuta showed that Spain's more progressive model has become an exception in Europe, with even left-wing parties adopting securitarian language.
At the end of July, tens of thousands of irregular migrants crossed into Spain's North African enclave of Ceuta from Morocco, an incident that left around 100 dead and pushed migration policy back to the centre of European politics.
The episode has not only opened a deep diplomatic rift between Rome and Madrid over how migration should be managed, but also exposed Spain's growing isolation as right-wing political forces come to dominate the debate.
A shift to the right
That right-wing forces have been gaining ground across Europe is no secret. At the last European Parliament elections, right-of-centre parties gained almost 60 more MEPs, with most of the growth driven by far-right, conservative and national-populist parties.
