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FEW agreements in the belligerent India-Pakistan relations have demonstrated the resilience of the Indus Waters Treaty. Wars have been fought, but despite all this, through every crisis, the IWT endured. Why? Because this endurance reflects a reality that neither India nor Pakistan can escape. Rivers continue to flow regardless of political tensions. In the modern space, the dispute has acquired a fast-paced lawfare dimension.
The term ‘lawfare’ is often used casually. But every legal disagreement is not lawfare, and neither is every international court case. In sum, lawfare involves the strategic use of legal arguments/ narratives in pursuit of political objectives. In today’s international environment, legal contests unfold simultaneously in diplomatic circles, think tanks, professional networks, even media platforms. The battle is not simply about who possesses the stronger legal argument. It is equally about who succeeds in shaping the broader perception surrounding its legal position.
Having worked on international legal disputes over the past two decades, I have learned that legal merit and influence are not the same thing. The strongest legal argument in the courtroom does not automatically become the dominant argument internationally. By the time a tribunal reaches a decision, journalists may have framed the dispute in a particular way and policymakers may already have formed opinions. Those impressions can become remarkably difficult to reverse.
