The global energy transition has long grappled with the issue of decarbonising aviation.

Unlike road transport, where electrification has gained genuine traction, commercial flying remains almost entirely dependent on liquid fuels.

With each passing year, the lack of progress made on decarbonising planes becomes even more concerning.

According to Our World in Data, the aviation sector accounts for 2.5% of all global carbon emissions, while it has contributed to 4% to climate change to date. If a solution is not found soon, that figure is only set to grow.

So, why exactly has sustainable aviation been such a tough nut to crack?