Opening a relationship can sound liberating in theory. For many couples, it means more connection, more honesty, more possibilities. In practice, it’s often less about dating other people and more about deepening communication, confronting insecurities, creating boundaries, and redefining what partnership means to you and your partner.

The difference between a thoughtful transition and a painful one often comes down to a handful of essential conversations, which many couples either rush or avoid entirely.

Sari Cooper, founder of the Center for Love and Sex in New York City and an AASECT-certified sex therapist and supervisor, says one of the most important conversations couples can have is about why they’re opening up in the first place.

“It’s critical to have each partner explore and discuss whether the opening of the relationship is to enhance each partner’s experience or whether it’s more for one partner’s pleasure and meaning,” Cooper says.

When that motivation is uneven, it can create deeper issues down the line. “My experience with helping couples in which the opening up is consented to by one partner primarily as a separation-prevention strategy is that CNM (consensual non-monogamy) rarely works to resolve the differences between the partners in the long term,” she said. “It can also set up future patterns of passive and enacted resentment due to a sense of self-sacrifice by the partner who agreed to it but didn’t actually desire it fully.”