A parliamentary committee suggests a self-reliant revenue model for UPI's financial sustainability. Amendments to the Payment and Settlement Systems Act now permit transaction charges on digital payments. The committee noted a significant funding gap between allocations and operational costs. Future merchant discount rate charges will be nominal and apply to limited high-value transactions.

India should not weaken its most successful digital public infrastructure merely to collect a small fee, or to placate US interests

The government has recently proposed levying a nominal merchant discount rate (MDR) on a limited set of UPI merchant transactions above a certain threshold