Nearly 135 million barrels of Russian crude oil are currently stranded at sea as a result of Ukraine’s airstrike campaign targeting refineries with the intent to cripple crude processing

Ukrainian strikes have crippled Russian refining, leaving 135 million barrels of crude stranded at sea even as exports hit a four-year high.

The damage has triggered fuel shortages and export bans, forcing Moscow to halt exports of gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel while increasing fuel imports to meet domestic demand.