Russia's decision to launch a full-scale invasion of Ukraine has now cost the country some 450,000 lives, according to a new study that estimates the war's total casualty numbers to have surpassed 2 million.

CSIS estimates Ukrainian military casualties at 500,000 to 600,000, with combined Russian and Ukrainian losses potentially reaching 2 million by spring

Russia has borne the heavier toll, with 1.4 million troops killed or wounded since it invaded in February 2022