For all the ambition packed into humanity's plans for Mars colonies, lunar bases, and permanent off-world settlements, one fundamental question has quietly gone unanswered: can humans actually reproduce in space? Gravity, radiation, and microgravity-induced biological changes present obstacles that are significant and poorly understood by current science.

Human reproduction beyond Earth is no longer reserved for science fiction.

For all the ambition packed into humanity's plans for Mars colonies, lunar bases, and permanent off-world settlements, one fundamental question has quietly gone unanswered: can…