France and Germany have established a 'high-level nuclear steering group,' intended to provide a framework 'for doctrinal dialogue and the coordination of strategic cooperation,' the two countries stated in a joint declaration released after Emmanuel Macron's speech.

OP-ED. Following Emmanuel Macron's call for dialogue about the contribution of France's nuclear arsenal to European defense, the announcement of France's new defense strategy on…

Macron's 'advanced deterrence' will be a nuclear-security relationship with key allies distinct from NATO arrangements.