Bertrand Badré, Bruno Bouygues and Ludovic Subran warn against assuming that the only choice must be between US- or Chinese-made systems.
Europe lacks a sovereign AI option: it must choose between Chinese state-directed and US private models. For IT leaders, this means data governance and infrastructure control depend on external decisions.
en English
Innovation
Aug 13, 2026
Bertrand Badré
, Bruno Bouygues, and Ludovic Subran
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