Data availabilityThe findings from this study were produced using data available in public online repositories or in the published literature, data that are publicly available on request from the data provider, and data that are not publicly available due to restrictions by the data provider and that were used under license for the current study. Details on data sources can be found on GHDx (https://ghdx.healthdata.org/), including information about the data provider and links to where the data can be accessed or requested (where available). For detailed information on data sources and estimates, please visit Global Health Data Exchange GBD 2023 (accessed on 4 June 2025; http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2023).Code availability
The statistical code used for data processing and analysis for the GBD 2023 is publicly available (https://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2023/code). The code is also available on Zenodo63 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19067331).
ReferencesSchumacher, A. E. et al. Global age-sex-specific all-cause mortality and life expectancy estimates for 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1950–2023: a demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet 406, 1731–1810 (2025).Article
