AFRICA · GEOPOLITICS

Key Facts

—The law: China’s new Mineral Resources Law gives Beijing a legal mechanism to restrict or retaliate over materials it deems strategically sensitive.

—The dominance: China controls more than half of global critical-minerals production and an estimated 87% of processing and refining.

—African mines: Chinese groups bought Botswana’s Khoemacau copper mine, Mali’s Goulamina lithium mine and Tanzania’s Ngualla rare earth mine.