Brazil · Economy

Key Facts

— What changed. Brussels is moving faster to strike a critical-minerals deal with Brazil after the United States locked up the country’s only rare earths mine.

— The trigger. In April a US company agreed to buy the Serra Verde mine for about $2.8bn and take all of its early output for 15 years.

— Why Europe cares. China refines roughly nine in ten of the world’s rare earths and has used that grip as a bargaining chip, leaving Europe scrambling for other suppliers.