Amazon Web Services (AWS) has detailed a new cloud networking architecture based on random graph theory that it says is now the default fabric for its general-purpose cloud infrastructure worldwide.
The architecture, known as Resilient Network Graphs (RNG), replaces traditional hierarchical "fat-tree" network designs with a flatter topology intended to improve resilience, throughput, and efficiency at hyperscale.
According to AWS, the design reduces the number of routers required in aggregation fabrics by 69 percent, delivers 33 percent higher throughput, and cuts network equipment power consumption by 40 percent compared with conventional architectures.
The company said RNG has already been deployed in data centers in Spain and Germany and is being rolled out more broadly across its global infrastructure.
The announcement marks the culmination of years of research into applying random graph theory to data center networking. While the theoretical benefits of flat network topologies have long been understood, practical challenges around cabling, routing, and operations have historically prevented deployment at hyperscale.
