Quick Summary (Key Takeaways)

Multi-tenancy lets one SaaS platform serve multiple organizations (tenants) while keeping data and configuration isolated.

Common data-isolation models are Shared DB + Shared Schema, Shared DB + Separate Schema, and Separate Database—each with clear trade-offs in cost, security, and flexibility.

Tenant identification (subdomain / path / token) is the foundation of correct isolation and a smooth white-label experience.

White-labeling is best implemented via tenant-aware themes/configuration, feature flags, and careful caching strategies.