Data availability
The dataset resource for an interactive survey is accessible to the public (https://db.genomics.cn/hesta). The data that support the findings of this study have been deposited into the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Genome Sequence Archive in National Genomics Data Center (GSA-Human) and CNGB Sequence Archive (CNSA) of China National GeneBank DataBase (CNGBdb). All processed data generated by Stereo-seq have been deposited to the GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE326326, accession code GSE326326) and the CNGB Nucleotide Sequence Archive (https://db.cngb.org/stomics/project/STT0000025/, accession code STT0000025). All processed data generated by snRNA-seq have been deposited to the GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE325829, accession code GSE325829) and the CNGB Nucleotide Sequence Archive (https://db.cngb.org/search/project/CNP0004028/, accession code CNP0004028). All raw data generated by Stereo-seq have been deposited to the GSA-Human (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gsa-human/browse, accession code HRA017263) and the CNGB Nucleotide Sequence Archive (https://db.cngb.org/stomics/project/STT0000025/, accession code STT0000025). All raw data generated by snRNA-seq have been deposited to the GSA-Human (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gsa-human/browse, accession code HRA017541). All raw data generated by whole-genome sequencing have been deposited to the GSA-Human (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gsa-human/browse, accession code HRA004300) and the CNGB Nucleotide Sequence Archive (https://db.cngb.org/search/project/CNP0004028/, accession code CNP0004028). All raw data generated by Nanopore and PacBio have been deposited to the GSA-Human (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gsa-human/, accession code HRA004299) and the CNGB Nucleotide Sequence Archive (https://db.cngb.org/search/project/CNP0004028/, accession code CNP0004028). The published datasets analysed for this study were retrieved from the GEO repository (GSE155121 and GSE157329), UCSC Cell Browser (https://cells.ucsc.edu/?ds=hoc), Gut Cell Survey (https://www.gutcellatlas.org/) and STOmics DB (https://db.cngb.org/stomics/mosta/). Source data are provided with this paper.











