1. China's major banks exhibited mixed earnings in 2025, pressured by margins and retail credit risks [para. 1].2. The "Big Six" state-owned banks achieved average revenue growth of 2.41%, up 2.24 percentage points from 2024, with net profit rising 1.72%, up 0.08 points [para. 2].3. ICBC and CCB saw revenue growth resume, while BOC led with 4.48% expansion [para. 3].4. Conversely, the 10 listed joint-stock banks averaged 2.18% revenue decline, worsening from 0.64% in 2024, and net profit fell 1.34% from 2.45% growth [para. 4].5. Ping An Bank, China Zheshang Bank, and China Everbright Bank faced steepest revenue drops [para. 5].6. Differences stem from income structures and market sensitivity; Big Six gained from fee/commission recovery and stable markets, joint-stock banks hit by bond volatility per GF Securities [para. 6].7. Net interest margins declined sector-wide, though slower for some, pressuring net interest income [para. 8].8. CMB President Wang Liang anticipates narrowing NIM decline but significant NII pressure in 2026 due to weak credit demand, competition, and stable liability costs [para. 9][para. 10].9. ICBC's Yao Mingde expects NII growth in 2026 absent major rate cuts [para. 11].10. Non-interest income buffered Big Six, with BOC, CCB, ABC up ~20%; joint-stock banks mostly declined due to fair-value asset exposure and bond volatility, per GF's Ni Jun [para. 12][para. 13].11. Fee/commission income recovered: all Big Six grew, six joint-stock banks turned positive, three narrowed declines [para. 14].12. Retail asset quality deteriorated; personal loan NPL ratios rose for Big Six—ICBC +43 bps, ABC +31 bps, BoCom +50 bps; ICBC credit cards hit 4.61% (+111 bps) [para. 16].13. BoCom's Gu Bin highlighted ongoing retail/small business strain [para. 17].14. Banks bolstered controls: ICBC formed personal credit department, others disposed NPLs [para. 18].15. Big Six cost-to-income ratio improved to 35.27%, down 53 bps [para. 19].16. Lenders pursue overseas growth; Industrial Bank's Lü Jiajin targets top-tier international status in 2-3 years [para. 20][para. 21].17. BOC's overseas business yielded 28% of profit, outpacing domestic growth amid rising cross-border demand and yuan internationalization, per President Zhang Hui [para. 22][para. 23].(Word count: 498)AI generated, for reference only