The global aviation sector is increasingly aligned on one point: Without sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), the industry will not meet its 2050 net-zero ambitions. While the technology for eight pathways is proven, scaling up to meaningful volumes remains fraught with cost pressures, policy uncertainty and uneven adoption. A new report issued this week from PA Consulting surveyed nearly 600 leaders across airlines, airports, producers, investors, regulators and policymakers. The findings highlight the industry’s optimism as well as its challenges: 93% of respondents said SAF is crucial to decarbonization, but fewer than half believe it will reach widespread adoption by 2030.