The deadlock between two blocs of countries on the best way to contain plastic pollution mirrors a shift in the global plastic and polymer-manufacturing industry, which in recent years has moved out of Europe and drifted towards South and Southeast Asia.

Since 2022, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has been spearheading efforts to get countries to evolve, by consensus, a legally binding treaty that commits them to address plastic pollution on land as well as in oceans.