One of the biggest strategic challenges companies face is how much they should invest in growth. Drawing on an analysis of a decade’s worth of performance data on 2,900 U.S. public companies, the authors have identified an “investment sweet spot,” in which firms balance asset growth and return on assets in ways that maximize valuation multiples. Companies in accelerating, steady growth, and mature industries have different sweet spots, they explain, and firms operating outside their optimal ranges can suffer valuation penalties of 20% to 70%. But effective capital allocation is also about aligning investments with strategic priorities and long-term growth logic. To achieve this, leaders must manage investments as an integrated portfolio, establish clear growth metrics and governance systems, and reward disciplined experimentation and intelligent risk-taking.