South Africa needs to modernise how it monitors and evaluates wastewater treatment systems if it is to strengthen environmental protection and prepare critical infrastructure for increasing climate pressures, said Vaal University of Technology’s (VUT’s) Dr Kgomotso Mtshatsheni. Fewer than half of South Africa’s 876 wastewater treatment works had comparable design-capacity use data for both 2013 and 2021. In 2021, 341 wastewater treatment works, representing 38.9%, did not report this information.