Among all the challenges across the Middle East, water security seldom makes the headlines, yet it can keep policymakers awake at night. The Gulf states are among the world’s highest consumers of water per capita but endure some of the most acute water scarcity on the planet. According to the World Bank, daily water consumption in the Gulf is close to 550 litres (compared with around 120 litres in countries like Germany), yet its renewable freshwater resources amount to less than 100 cubic metres per person annually, less than a fifth of its usage.