LONDON: When Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkiye signed the Makkah Joint Defense Agreement on Aug. 7, they went significantly further than pledging closer military cooperation. The agreement contains a collective-defense commitment: An external armed attack against any one of the three states will be regarded as an attack against them all. That provision immediately elevated the pact from another defense partnership to a potentially significant new component of the Middle East’s evolving security architecture.

ISLAMABAD -- Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Turkiye on Friday signed a joint defense agreement in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to deepen cooperation among the three regional powers amid…

In a major geopolitical shift expected to redraw the security architecture of the Middle East and South Asia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey have signed a historic trilateral…