Nearly 50 years after samples were officially collected from the Shroud of Turin, scientists have used advanced genetic sequencing to reveal just how much biological material the linen cloth has accumulated over the centuries. Researchers applied a technique known as PCR-free next-generation metagenomic sequencing, a method that reads genetic material directly without amplifying it first, to the official 1978 sample collection, uncovering multiple human mitochondrial DNA lineages alongside a wide-ranging microbiome of bacteria, fungi and salt-tolerant microorganisms.

DNA traces in the Shroud of Turin reveal a remarkable mixture of human lineages, microbes, plants, animals, and coral accumulated through centuries of handling and travel. The…

Nearly 50 years after samples were officially collected from the Shroud of Turin, scientists have used advanced genetic sequencing to reveal just how much biological material the…