Reservoirs across Kyrgyzstan had fallen to surprisingly low levels by the summer of 2021; rivers that irrigated some of the country’s most productive farmland were carrying less water than expected; and farmers in several regions were left facing a major irrigation crisis. The crisis came about during one of Central Asia’s driest years in recent memory, and exposed how deeply Kyrgyzstan actually depends on snow and glacier melt from the Tian Shan mountains.