In a politically significant contrast, the DMK opposed the bill and participated in the brief debate, while the rest of the Opposition continued its protest over the violence against students' issue, leaving the House with only three speakers, including two from the Tamil Nadu-based party and erstwhile ally of the Congress, before the legislation was approved by voice vote.

The Constituent Assembly deliberately left Vande Mataram out of Article 51A. Parliament's new bill closes that gap by criminalising 'disrespect'.

The Rajya Sabha has passed a Bill to amend the National Honour Act. This amendment brings Vande Mataram under its legal protection. Acts of disrespect towards the national song…