When a handful of conservationists gathered in Maine in September 1901, there was no guarantee that Mount Desert Island’s granite peaks, rocky coastline, and forests would escape the wave of private development spreading across America’s scenic landscapes. Rather than waiting for the federal government to intervene, local residents, summer visitors, and philanthropists created the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations, a private conservation organization with a single goal: to buy and protect the island’s most treasured land before it disappeared.