Fentanyl causes symptoms that can lead to death from overdose. One of these symptoms is slow breathing, which deprives drug users of oxygen. In new research in JNeurosci, Erica Levitt and colleagues from the University of Michigan Medical School explored mechanisms for combating fentanyl-induced slow breathing. More specifically, the researchers used mice to examine mechanisms in the hypothalamus, a brain region that influences how breathing changes based on internal states.