The Strait of Hormuz closure is exposing Africa's energy vulnerabilities, pushing the continent toward refining capacity, renewables and new alliances.

Amid uncertainty around the Strait of Hormuz, for months Gulf countries and oil companies have been finding ways to bypass the choke point.

Hormuz crisis fallout: as Iran squeezes the Strait of Hormuz and Asia scrambles for energy, the shock is rewiring Latin America's oil and lithium map.