China’s mysterious 4,300-year-old Shimao civilisation hid a secret about its people that ancient DNA has finally revealed

For decades, archaeologists have puzzled over one of China's most impressive and mysterious prehistoric sites, a massive stone-walled settlement called Shimao, built in northern Shaanxi Province roughly 4,300 years ago. The site covers about four square kilometres and shows clear signs of a socially stratified society, distinct functional zones, elaborate ritual structures and evidence of large-scale human sacrifice, yet exactly who built Shimao and where they came from had remained largely unresolved using archaeology alone.

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