E20 controversy explained: Why an old roadmap is back in spotlight

The Centre's push for mandatory 20% ethanol-blended petrol, or E20, has triggered a political row, with Opposition leaders citing a 2021 NITI Aayog report to question the nationwide rollout. They argue that the Centre departed from the phased transition and safeguards proposed in the report before making E20 the standard fuel at petrol pumps across India in April 2025.

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