Chronic and viral infections can literally exhaust certain key cells in the immune system from a constant barrage of attacks. But a new pair of papers by scientists at the Hackensack Meridian Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI) points to a way to understand how this exhaustion happens at a molecular level—and how medicine might be able to leverage this knowledge into future treatments. The two papers appear back-to-back in the latest issue of the peer-reviewed journal Nature Immunology.