TÜV NORD study confirms back-contact advantage over TOPCon is limited to mild shading conditions - pv magazine Global

A TÜV NORD study found that back-contact (BC) modules outperform TOPCon modules under mild partial shading, particularly when three or fewer cells are shaded across different substrings within a string. However, once shading exceeds four cells, the performance advantage disappears, with both technologies experiencing similar power losses of around 50%.

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