Officials say that, to appease the US, ‘burden-shifting’ rather than simply ‘burden-sharing’ will be one of the main themes in Ankara as the EU and others face pressure to ramp up their own production of defence and security equipment.

Washington is expected to unveil defence industry initiatives and arms deals as allies debate burden-sharing and the Russia threat

As allies gather in Ankara, Turkey's rising influence, US retrenchment, and uneven burden sharing will test whether NATO can convert pledges into action.

As doubts swirl over US President Donald Trump's commitment to protecting NATO, Europe needs to take more responsibility for its own defence. After decades of underinvestment by…