The order, which signaled a shift from the hands-off approach the White House had previously taken toward A.I., followed debates over how to gain control of A.I. models without disrupting innovation.

An earlier draft of the order was postponed after Trump said he “didn’t like certain aspects of it.”

Trump's new AI order creates a voluntary review process for powerful AI models. Supporters see a safety measure; critics may see a system vulnerable to favoritism and mission…