Much analysis of the Makerfield by-election focuses on what it means for Keir Starmer and the Labour party's national fortunes - but how should we assess it on its own terms?

The candidates in the Makerfield by-election may have been campaigning relentlessly on local issues like flooding, policing and housing, but has there ever been a by-election with…

The Labour mayor has splashed £8,000 on online adverts championing niche local concerns ahead of the June 18 vote.