Shift even a tenth of the Rs54tr domestic stock out of banks and into retail hands at a yield just 150 basis points cheaper, and the annual saving runs into the region of Rs80bn.

Pakistan has absorbed much of the fiscal cost of devolution without fully realising its potential efficiency gains.

Shift even a tenth of the Rs54tr domestic stock out of banks and into retail hands at a yield just 150 basis points cheaper, and the annual saving runs into the region of Rs80bn.