During last week’s visit by multiple leaders of Turkic states to Kazakhstan, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev celebrated their shared cultural heritage but remained reluctant on the expansion of defense cooperation.

Kazakh oil and its connection to the Middle Corridor are placing the Turkiye-Kazakhstan relationship in a more critical position within Eurasian energy geopolitics.

Tokayev made this logic explicit during the informal OTS summit when he warned that countries that fail to adapt to technological transformation risk being left behind.

During last week’s visit by multiple leaders of Turkic states to Kazakhstan, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev celebrated their shared cultural heritage but remained reluctant on…