Talk of restoring the shah’s monarchy has surged since the start of the US-Israeli war against Iran two weeks ago, more than at any time since the fall of the Pahlavi regime in the late 1970s. Estimates suggest about one-third of Iranians support the return of Reza Pahlavi, the shah’s son, though such figures are debated. Some believe the true number might be even higher, driven by the failure of the current religious system.