To date, the Sahel has transcended its status as a mere theater of insurgency and humanitarian crisis, evolving into a full-fledged center of sophisticated transnational organized crime. The region now accounts for more than half the deaths related to violent extremism around the globe, a statistic that speaks less to ideological fervor and more to the fertile ground provided by its sprawling criminal economies. These enterprises are now operating in the gaps left by weakened states, actively dismantling state authority and co-opting the functions of government.