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In brief: A Norwegian rescue helicopter and a small aircraft took off over Andøya in 2024, but the routes visible to satellite-navigation receivers told a different story. On tracking screens, the helicopter appeared to make a series of tight, overlapping turns. The plane seemed to trace sharp, unnatural patterns in the air. Neither display reflected the aircraft's actual flight path.

The false tracks were created as part of Jammertest, an annual Norwegian exercise that examines how equipment responds when satellite-navigation signals are disrupted or manipulated.

Held on the island of Andøya, roughly 300 kilometers north of the Arctic Circle, the event brings together engineers, public agencies, and companies that depend on Global Navigation Satellite Systems, or GNSS.